Bi-Level operational planning of microgrids considering conservation voltage reduction

Abstract

Daily operations of the distribution system have a momentous impact on the design of microgrids (MG) in planning stages. Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is an emerging technology in an advanced distribution management system (ADMS). In view of this, a bi-level stratified governing structure has been proposed for the operational planning of MG incorporating CVR technology. Therefore, MG model has been developed as a bi-level optimisation problem, namely upper-level and lower-level. These levels optimise their own goals self-sufficiently, however, in coordination with one other. The upper-level problem is associated to the planning of MG, which is used to minimise the investment, carbon emission costs and utility's demand. Whereas the lower-level problem is used to minimise the operational maintenance costs with/without the deployment of CVR technology. In order to reduce complexity, the bi-level problem has been converted into a single-level problem using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The potency of the proposed scheme has been exhibited on IEEE 33-bus distribution system. © 2020 IEEE.