Bio-Nano-Interface Engineering Strategies of AuNPs Passivation for Next-Generation Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have widely been used in various biomedical/clinical applications due to their enhanced physicochemical behavior and excellent optoelectronic properties. The AuNPs, due to its easy synthesis process, tunability, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness, found enormous attention in biomedical applications. However, the bare-surfaced AuNPs have long been debated, especially in the biomedical/clinical application. Thus, to make use of the synthesized AuNPs, it is passivated with various bio-based substances for the development of the bio-nano-interface or biocompatible interface to minimize the side effects of the bare metallic surface. This chapter inclines to discuss the contribution of such AuNPs having bio-nano-interface in state-of-the-art speculated various biomedical applications. Therefore, a short discussion on the AuNPs has been incorporated. In the next section, the need for its passivation is described. Herein, we have discussed various ways of AuNPs surface modification using several molecules with thiol, amine, amino acids, and biopolymers. In the last section, various biomedical applications that are being employed by using the passivated AuNPs having bio-nano-interface have been discussed, followed by the concluding remarks and future directions of this chapter. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.