Elemental composition and source apportionment of suspended particulate matters and health risk assessment in mining and nonmining areas of Odisha, India

Abstract

Atmospheric particulate matter was sampled synchronously during a monitoring campaign from January-December 2010 in mining and nonmining areas in Odisha, India. In this study, 14 elements were observed in suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples. The SPM average concentration and SD were found to be 169 ± 7 and 128 ± 10 μgm-3, respectively, in mining and nonmining areas. The observed elements were more highly enriched in mining than nonmining areas. Four trace metals, i.e., Pb, Cu, Cd, and Hg were found to be highly enriched in SPM samples in study areas; however, enrichment factors for Pb, Cd, and Hg were 2-4 times higher in mining than nonmining areas. In mining areas more than 91 and 78% of the total variance, based on the observed elements in nonmining area, were explained by five component factors in SPM fractions, which have an eigenvalue greater than 1. The measured source of observed elements originated from sea sprays. High inhalation doses were observed in summer rather than winter and rainy season. The dose rate was highest for the age group of 1 year and health risks were found to be similar. For adults, the inhalation dose and health risk is 1.2 times higher in mining than nonmining areas. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.