Construction and performance assessment of Recirculating packed bed biofilm reactor (RPBBR) for effective biodegradation of p-cresol from wastewater

Abstract

Wastewater containing excess phenolic compounds is considered a major environmental concern due to its adverse impacts on the ecosystem. In this work, an effort has been given to treat the p-cresol from wastewater using Recirculating Packed Bed Biofilm Reactor (RPBBR). The process parameters, namely inoculum dose, pH, and NaCl (w/v) concentration were optimized to enhance the specific growth and obtained to be 14 ml, 7.0, and 1% NaCl (w/100 ml), respectively. Maximum p-cresol removal efficiency of 99.36±0.2% was achieved at 100 mg L−1 of p-cresol. First-order rate constants were found to be 0.70 day−1 and 0.96 day−1 for batch and continuous mode, respectively. The intermediates were analysed using FT-IR and GC–MS analysis. Pseudomonas fluorescens was used to assess bacterial toxicity and observed that the toxicity was reduced in case of treated wastewater. Finally, the performance of continuous RPBBR was better than the batch mode. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd