Conventional Versus Green Chemical Transformation: MCRs, Solid Phase Reaction, Green Solvents, Microwave, and Ultrasound Irradiation

Abstract

Nowadays, pollution of the environment due to toxic effluents’ discharge, as a result of several industrial practices in diverse areas, is a serious concern. This has attracted attention from scientists and engineers in different fields such as chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science, and computational studies. Green chemistry is a branch of science that has emerged over the years as a possible answer to these issues. This chapter focuses on some of the modern synthesis techniques carried out under green chemistry practices to outline their significance and potential applications. In addition, some of the greener chemicals and green solvents that can be promising candidates of choice in different applications are described. The use of modern methods of synthesis including multicomponent reactions, microwave, and ultrasound-induced synthesis are described. Some of the novel environmentally safer alternative chemicals such as ionic liquids, biopolymers, and expired pharmaceuticals are discussed. Further, green solvents such as ionic liquids, water, and glycerol are described with potential application aspects. The present chapter briefly explains the significance and historical background of green chemistry and its applications along the lines of the abovementioned domains. © 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbH, Boschstraße 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany.