Recent advances in silicate-based crystalline bioceramics for orthopedic applications: a review

Abstract

The present article critically reviewed the potentiality of Mg–Ca silicate-based crystalline bioceramics such as MgSiO3, Mg2SiO4, CaSiO3, Ca2SiO4, Ca3SiO5, CaMgSi2O6, Ca2MgSi2O7, Ca7MgSi4O16, CaMgSiO4 and Ca3MgSi2O8 as new generation orthopedic prosthetic implants. Mg2+, Ca2+ and Si4+ ions are abundant in bone and play a crucial role in various bone metabolic activities such as enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoporosis. The release rate of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Si4+ ions from these bioceramics depends on the crystal structure which consequently, influences their bioactivity and biocompatibility. In addition, the release rate of these ions can be tuned by tailoring the processing parameters/routes and compositional modifications and subsequently, bioactivity, cellular response as well as bone regeneration ability can be improved. Toward this end, the present article thoroughly reviewed and analyzed the influence of crystal structure, processing parameters/routes and compositional alteration on in vitro/in vivo biocompatibility and degradation behavior of the above ceramics. Further, a correlation between structure, processing and properties has been established. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.