Energy regulation of EV using MILP for optimal operation of incentive based prosumer microgrid with uncertainty modelling

Abstract

The paper emphasises on optimal operation of community based microgrid with Photovoltaic (PV), Energy storage system (ESS) and Electric vehicle (EV) as an alternate source of power. The energy stored in EVs is utilized as a source of power for home and grid by proposing bidirectional power flow strategies. Bidirectional power flow from EV/ESS is regulated by controlling the charge/discharge rate. This control strategy is based on the EV availability, loading on transformer and the day ahead prices. A technique is introduced based on markov model using factual hourly data of vehicle usage to predict the EV availability. The primary aim of this paper is to maximize economic benefit for the prosumers with minimal battery degradation. The Charge/Discharge regulation and battery degradation of EV/ESS is modelled as mixed integer problem and optimal solution is determined by Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) using IBM CPLEX optimizer to achieve maximum economic benefit. A comparative analysis to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique with four well known meta-heuristic techniques has been discussed. Impact of vehicle availability at charging station on total operational cost is assessed to study the grid dependency. The paper also proposes an incentive based pricing strategy to increase the EV participation in energy transaction by reducing the grid dependency. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd