Role of additives SnX2 (X = F, Cl) and anti-solvents on the microstructure of PV absorber FASnI3 films

Abstract

Controlling the crystallization during processing and restricting the oxidation of Sn2+ by utilizing anti-oxidants and anti-solvents are viable options for improving microstructure and stability of the tin based organic-inorganic perovskite based photovoltaic absorbers. Here, we have done a comparative study of the efficacy of the combination of anti-oxidants, SnX2 (X = F, Cl) and anti-solvent (toluene and chlorobenzene) for controlling the crystallization of formamidinium tin iodide (CH(NH2)2SnI3, FASnI3) and have achieved a pore-free and dense microstructure. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.