Optimization of PVA/ alkali treated ramie fiber-based composite film for green packaging application using response surface methodology approach

Abstract

Natural fiber-reinforced composites have gained significant attention as eco-friendly alternatives in sustainable packaging due to their biodegradability, renewability, and low environmental impact. This study aimed to produce an optimum composite film by combining PVA with alkali-treated-ramie fiber using a central composite design (CCD). This research investigates the effects of two independent factors, PVA (60–100 wt%) and alkali-treated ramie fiber (0–40 wt%), on three dependent variables: tensile strength, elongation at break (%), and contact angle of the composite film. Response surface methodology (RSM) determined that the optimal film composition for packaging application is 80 wt% PVA and 20 wt% alkali treated-ramie fiber. This combination resulted in a tensile strength of 46.03 MPa, an elongation limit of 251.4 %, and a contact angle of 66.75° The film, which was produced utilizing the optimal outcomes, was then subjected to several characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, contact angle measurement, water vapor transmission rate analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. This outcome exemplified the optimal use of processed Ramie fiber in a polymer matrix for the purpose of eco-friendly packaging. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.