Biomethane Production and Advancement

Abstract

Fossil fuels have been used to fulfill the energy requirement of the society for a long time, but there are many disadvantages of using fossil fuels, as it plays a major role in polluting our environment. The responsibility over environmental pollution and the increase in utilization of fossil fuels has provided the incitement in order to develop the alternative renewable fuels, such as biogas or biomethane. Biogas can be produced using both aerobic as well as anaerobic techniques, but anaerobic biotechnology has found to be the best alternative against the strategies used for waste disposal. Biomethane can be produced using anaerobic degradation of substrate, such as manure, oil residue, livestock waste, harvest surplus, and many more. The processes of methane production are classified into two different steps: first, production of biogas using different substrate, whereas in next step, purification of biogas in order to obtain biomethane that can be highly used in transport sectors. Application of these types of substrate of producing biomethane have many more advantages, such as reduction of animal waste and its odors, and utilization of agricultural waste, which controls environmental pollution. Application of biomethane reduces the release of greenhouse gases, which is found to be one of the best environmental benefits with any effect on the earth's atmosphere. This anaerobic degradation also helps in eliminating the environmental hazards like extra production of sludgy manures. That is why production of methane was found to be one of the unique and best ways for the farmers to follow all the rules and regulation framed by the government in the field of animal waste. © 2021 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.