An algorithm to incorporate friction in finite-element analysis (FEM) of metal working

Abstract

In the finite-element analysis of metal working, the majority of the algorithms available require prior knowledge of the direction of metal flow for imposing the frictional force as a boundary condition. Even then, in some cases, this may result in unbalanced forces, leading to numerically unsound conditions. In the present study, the problem is solved by introducing an artificial stiffness (frictional force/displacement) to the node of interest. Results of the simulation of a typical ring compression are compared with experimental results, the agreement being found to be very good. © 1990.