Clinical Sample Considerations in Proteomics-Based Biomarker Studies: Advancing Precision Medicine

Abstract

Clinical biomarkers are measurable indications found in biological samples that can detect healthy physiological processes or pathological states. Biomarker discovery is a complex process that involves various technologies and integrative approaches. It focuses on identifying and characterizing markers associated with disease conditions, which can be used alone or in combination with other clinical and molecular biomarkers. It helps in the improvement of the accuracy of disease diagnosis and guides personalized treatment decisions. The main objective of biomarker discovery is to improve patient outcomes while lowering healthcare costs by helping with early disease diagnosis and more effective treatments. Biomarker-guided precision medicine allows for targeted treatment of specific biomarkers associated with the tumour, improving the effectiveness of treatment and minimizing the toxic side effects usually associated with chemotherapy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.