Recent advances on classification, properties, synthesis, and characterization of nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanomaterials have an emerging application because of their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties. According to ISO and ASTM guidelines, the size of nanoparticles varies from 1 to 100 nm. The nanoparticles have one or more dimensions such as zero dimensions, one dimension, two dimensions, and three dimensions. These nanomaterials are classified into inorganic, organic, and carbon-based materials. These materials have some enhanced properties including higher reactivity, large surface area, high sensitivity, and strength. These enhanced properties are due to their unique size. Various methods are available for the synthesis of nanomaterials such as chemical, physical, and mechanical methods. This chapter focuses on the classification, properties, synthesis methods, and various characterization methods. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.