Advancement in use of silicon pthalocyanine derivatives for cancer treatment

Abstract

Silicon pthalocyanines (SiPcs), a class of macrocylic fused ring with 18 π-electrons system, are emerging as a wonder class of compounds in anti-cancer treatment due to their role as photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and as cytotoxic agent. By directing specific accumulation of SiPcs at the tumor site and initiation of destructive response only post application of irradiation of desired wavelength, a complete control over the course of treatment is achieved. Following certain modifications like incorporation of antibody drug conjugates, use of sonodynamic therapy together with PDT (SPDT) are getting introduced in this mode of treatment. They also possess appreciable topoisomerase inhibitory property and DNA intercalation property at tumor site post localization as a part of their cytotoxic response. Keeping an eye on the growing cancer burden and the advantages of SiPc derivatives, the latter may emerge as potential compounds in anti-cancer treatment in coming years. In this review article, we have summarized the reported SiPc's (2017–2021) with their mode of action. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd