Various features of VLF waves generated by lightning discharge

Abstract

Using the well-accepted features of lightning discharge, we have studied certain aspects of electromagnetic-wave generation, frequency spectrum and polar characteristics of these radiations. The effect of conducting ground and ionospheric layer on the attenuation of VLF signal is discussed. The likely role of the verticality of cloud-to-ground discharges and the horizontality of cloud-to-cloud discharges in launching of VLF waves and governing the occurrence and overall morphology of whistlers is discussed. © 1982 Società Italiana di Fisica.