3D and 4D nanocomposites

Abstract

In recent years 3D and 4D nanocomposites have gained immense attention due to their vast applicability in medicine including artificial organs, cell therapeutics, tissue engineering, stem cell delivery, etc. Researchers have started demonstrating vast applications of macro-scale bioengineering technologies that have enabled the development of smart and useful pharmaceutical products that are bringing a rapid shift in biomedical sciences. Cell therapies using these nanocomposites particularly have gained vast interest due to several advantages overconventional counterparts. However, the research is still very new and the lack of detailed information including their physical, chemical, and biological properties may hamper their effortless clinical transition. In this present chapter, we will highlight the recent advancements of 3D and 4D constructs, their applications in healthcare, challenges, and the future scope. This chapter will bring basic and applicative knowledge to the readers from various fields including bioengineers, chemists, clinicians and industrialists. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.