Various Analytical Techniques for Se Determination in Different Matrices

Abstract

Selenium (Se), a metalloid, arose as a surface and ground water pollutant that was a source of distress for ecologists as it become a critical problem worldwide. Se poses severe health and environment threats above the permissible limit. Natural (global weather, volcanic eruptions, plants and water bodies' volatilization) and anthropogenic (oil refining, fossil fuels excavation, fuel burning, metal mineral processing and mining) sources contribute to Se pollution of the environment. Numerous organic (monomethylated and dimethylated) and inorganic Se species (0, −2, +4, and +6) have been described in aquatic systems. This chapter briefly summarizes Se removal procedures, focusing on the benefits, shortcomings, and the modern triumphs of each practice (voltammetry and optical Se quantification approach). Innovative strategies for Se monitoring primarily in mining engineering have set the rules for selenium level in freshwater and enhanced accepting Se occurrence, bioavailability, mobility, and handling expertise for competent removal is appropriate and mandatory. Many diverse analytical techniques comprising chromatography, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS), electrochemistry, flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), UV–visible spectrophotometry, spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma with atomic emission (ICP-AES), or inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) have offered Se quantification in diverse matrix. Future research recommendations and developments for Se analysis to a cost-effective and on-site field monitoring device for Se examination. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.